Cookie policy
This website www.umana.mgnat.com uses Cookies and similar technologies in order to distinguish you from other users. By using Cookies, We are able to provide you with a better experience and to improve Our Site by better understanding how you use it. Please read this Cookie Policy carefully and ensure that you understand it. Your acceptance of Our Cookie Policy is deemed to occur when you press the “accept” button on Our Cookie banner or when you have selected your preferred Cookie options in Our Cookie manager and pressed the “Continue” button. If you do not agree to Our Cookie Policy, please stop using Our Site immediately.
1. Definitions and Interpretation
In this Cookie Policy, unless the context otherwise requires, the following expressions have the following meanings:
Cookie: means a small file placed on your computer or device by Our Site when you visit certain parts of Our Site and/or when you use certain features of Our Site;
Cookie Law: means the relevant parts of the Privacy and Electronic Communications (EC Directive) Regulations 2003 and of EU Regulation 2016/679 General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”);
Personal data: means any and all data that relates to an identifiable person who can be directly or indirectly identified from that data, as defined by EU Regulation 2016/679 General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”); and
We/Us/Our: means “Our Website/School/Company”, the brand owned and operated by Company name or Person.
2. Information About Us
Our Site is owned and operated by Company name or person(s).
- Registered address: 3 Poniente 2121-90, San Pedro Cholula, Puebla, México, CP 72760
- Email address: your email
- Telephone number: your phone
3. How Does Our Site Use Cookies?
- 3.1 Our Site may place and access certain first-party Cookies on your computer or device. First party Cookies are those placed directly by Us and are used only by Us. We use Cookies to facilitate and improve your experience of Our Site and services. We have carefully chosen these Cookies and have taken steps to ensure that your privacy and personal data is protected and respected at all times.
- 3.2 By using Our Site, you may also receive certain third-party Cookies on your computer or device. Third-party Cookies are those placed by websites, services, and/or parties other than Us. Third-party Cookies are used on Our Site for analytics and for marketing purposes. For more details, please refer to section 4 below.
- 3.3 All Cookies used by and on Our Site are used in accordance with current Cookie Law. We may use some or all of the following types of Cookie:
-
3.3.1 Strictly Necessary Cookies
A Cookie falls into this category (usually first-party cookies) if it is essential to the operation of Our Site as without them we cannot provide the functionality that you need to use this website. For example, essential cookies help remember your preferences as you navigate through the online school, also support functions such as logging in, and payment transactions. -
3.3.2 Functionality Cookies
Functional Cookies allow our web site to remember choices you make, e.g. your user name, log in details and language preferences and any customizations you make to pages during your visit. They are necessary to provide features and services specific to individual users. -
3.3.3 Analytics Cookies
It is important for Us to understand how you use Our Site, for example, how efficiently you are able to navigate around it, and what features you use. Analytics Cookies enable us to gather this information, helping Us to improve Our Site and your experience of it. -
3.3.4 Marketing/Targeting Cookies
It is important for Us to know when and how often you visit Our Site, and which parts of it you have used (including which pages you have visited and which links you have visited). As with analytics Cookies, this information helps us to better understand you and, in turn, to make Our Site and advertising more relevant to your interests. Some information gathered by targeting Cookies may also be shared with third parties. -
3.3.5 Third Party Cookies
Third-party Cookies are not placed by Us; instead, they are placed by third parties that provide services to Us and/or to you. Third-party Cookies may be used by advertising services to serve up tailored advertising to you on Our Site, or by third parties providing analytics services to Us (these Cookies will work in the same way as analytics Cookies described above). -
3.3.6 Persistent Cookies
Any of the above types of Cookie may be a persistent Cookie. Persistent Cookies are those which remain on your computer or device for a predetermined period and are activated each time you visit Our Site. -
3.3.7 Session Cookies
Any of the above types of Cookie may be a session Cookie. Session Cookies are temporary and only remain on your computer or device from the point at which you visit Our Site until you close your browser. Session Cookies are deleted when you close your browser.
- 3.4 Cookies on Our Site are not permanent and will expire as indicated in the table below.
- 3.5 For more details of the personal data that We collect and use, the measures we have in place to protect personal data, your legal rights, and our legal obligations, please refer to our Privacy Policy
- 3.6 For more specific details of the Cookies that We use, please refer to the table below.
4. What Cookies Does Our Site Use?
- 4.1 The following first-party Cookies may be placed on your computer or device:
| Name of Cookie | Purpose | Strictly Necessary | Expires |
| XSRF-TOKEN | Preserves User Login information and states | Yes | When you close your browser |
| DPSettings | Preserves the user's Cookie policy preferences | Yes | 12 days |
| slim_session | Preserves User Login information and states | Yes | 2.5 days |
| affiliate | Tracks purchases made through affiliate links to ensure proper credit is given to the affiliate partner. | No | Depends on your affiliate cookie settings |
- 4.2 The following strictly necessary third-party Cookies may be placed on your computer or device (remove stripe cookies from the list if you don’t use stripe):
| Name of Cookie | Provider | Purpose | Expires |
| __stripe_sid | checkout.stripe.com | Used to process payments for our website. | 30 minutes |
| __stripe_mid | checkout.stripe.com | Used to distinguish users. | 1 year |
| cid | checkout.stripe.com | Used to process payments for our website. | 3 months |
| vuid | vimeo.com | These cookies are used by Vimeo to collect analytics tracking information. | 3 years |
| player | player.vimeo.com | These cookies are used by Vimeo to collect analytics tracking information. | 1 year |
| cf_clearance | www.cloudflare.com | Used by clouflare to specify the duration that our website is accessible to a visitor that successfully completed a previous Captcha or challenge. | 4 hours |
- 4.3 Our Site uses the following functional Cookies (remove cookies not exploited in your school):
Olark
| Name of Cookie | Provider | Purpose | Expires |
| hblid | www.umana.mgnat.com | a visitor identifier that we use only on your site to remember this visitor between visits | 2 years |
| wcsid | www.umana.mgnat.com | a session identifier that we use only on your site to keep track of a single chat session | When you close your browser |
| olfsk | www.umana.mgnat.com | storage identifier that we use to maintain chat state across pages (e.g. message history) | 2 years |
| _okbk | www.umana.mgnat.com | extra state information (e.g. chat box being open/closed) | When you close your browser |
| _ok | www.umana.mgnat.com | most recent Olark site ID (security measure) | When you close your browser |
| _oklv | www.umana.mgnat.com | the Olark loader version (for improved caching) | When you close your browser |
| _okla | www.umana.mgnat.com | used for caching purposes (loaded from CDN vs. loaded from our infrastructure) | When you close your browser |
| _okgid | www.umana.mgnat.com | used for caching by setting a hash for assets to determine if they have changed and if they need to be refreshed | When you close your browser |
| _okac | www.umana.mgnat.com | used for caching by setting a hash for assets to determine if they have changed and if they need to be refreshed | When you close your browser |
| _okdetect | www.umana.mgnat.com | Used for detecting when storage contexts have changed due to things like ssl or host transitions (helps maintain your chat across pages). | When you close your browser |
| _okck | www.umana.mgnat.com | Used to test whether the visitor's browser allows cookies to be stored. | When you close your browser |
TawkTo
| Name of Cookie | Provider | Purpose | Expires |
| tawk_uuid_ | www.umana.mgnat.com | HTTP cookie | |
| twk_idm_key | www.umana.mgnat.com | Visitor connection management | Session |
| twk_token_ | www.umana.mgnat.com | HTML local storage | |
| tawk_uuid_propertyId | www.umana.mgnat.com | Visitor tracking | 6 months |
| tawkUUID (deprecated) | www.umana.mgnat.com | Visitor tracking | 6 months |
| __tawkuuid (deprecated) | www.umana.mgnat.com | Visitor tracking | 6 months |
| ss (deprecated) | www.umana.mgnat.com | Visitor session management | Session |
| TawkConnectionTime | www.umana.mgnat.com | Manages visitor connection | Session |
| Tawk_xxxxxxx (deprecated) | www.umana.mgnat.com | Visitor preference | 6 months |
Freshchat
| Name of Cookie | Provider | Purpose | Expires |
| pubsub_cookie | www.umana.mgnat.com | This cookie is used for the freshchat service | When you close your browser |
| hop- | www.umana.mgnat.com | This cookie is used for the freshchat service | When you close your browser |
| www.umana.mgnat.com | This cookie is used for the freshchat service | When you close your browser | |
| _ | www.umana.mgnat.com | This cookie is used for the freshchat service | 1 year |
| pnctest | www.umana.mgnat.com | This cookie is used for the freshchat service | 1 year |
Zendesk Web Widget
| Name of Cookie | Provider | Purpose | Expires |
| ZD-zE_oauth | www.umana.mgnat.com | Stores the authentication token once the user has been authenticated. | 2 hours |
| ZD-currentTime | www.umana.mgnat.com | Sets the time when page loads. | Forever |
| ZD-settings | www.umana.mgnat.com | Stores a hash of settings so that we don't keep sending blips after the initial one | Forever |
| ZD-suid | www.umana.mgnat.com | Session id for pathfinder. | 20 minutes |
| ZD-buid | www.umana.mgnat.com | Collects Machine ID. | Forever |
| _answer_bot_service_session | www.umana.mgnat.com | Used to uniquely identify a user session when using Answer Bot Article Recommendations. | When you close your browser |
Intercom
| Name of Cookie | Provider | Purpose | Expires |
| intercom-id-[app_id] | www.umana.mgnat.com | Anonymous visitor identifier cookie. As people visit your site they get this cookie. | 9 months |
| intercom-session-[app_id] | www.umana.mgnat.com | Identifier for each unique browser session. This session cookie is refreshed on each successful logged-in ping, extending it one week from that moment. The user can access their conversations and have data communicated on logged-out pages for 1 week, as long as the session isn’t intentionally terminated with Intercom('shutdown');, which usually happens on logout. |
1 week |
| intercom-device-id-[app_id] | www.umana.mgnat.com | Identifier for each unique device that interacts with the Messenger. It is refreshed on each successful ping, extending it another 9 months. We use this cookie to determine the unique devices interacting with the Intercom Messenger to prevent abuse. |
9 months |
Optinmonster
| Name of Cookie | Provider | Purpose | Expires |
| _omappvp | www.umana.mgnat.com | Anonymous visitor identifier cookie. As people visit your site they get this cookie. | 400 days |
| _omappvs | www.umana.mgnat.com | Identifier for each unique browser session. | 20 minutes |
- 4.4 Our Site uses analytics services provided by your analytics services, if any. Website analytics refers to a set of tools used to collect and analyse anonymous usage information, enabling us to better understand how Our Site is used. This, in turn, enables us to improve Our Site and the products and services offered through them.
- 4.5 The analytics services used by Our Site use Cookies to gather the required information. You do not have to allow us to use these Cookies, however, whilst our use of them does not pose any risk to your privacy or your safe use of Our Site, it does enable us to continually improve Our Site, making it a better and more useful experience for you.
- 4.6 The analytics services used by Our Site uses the following Cookies (remove cookies not exploited in your school):
Google Analytics
| Name of Cookie | Provider | Purpose | Expires |
| _ga | www.umana.mgnat.com | Google Analytics: Registers a unique ID that is used to generate statistical data on how the visitor uses the website. | 2 years |
| _gat | www.umana.mgnat.com | Google Analytics: Used by Google Analytics to throttle the request rate. | When you close your browser |
| _gid | www.umana.mgnat.com | Google Analytics: Registers a unique ID that is used to generate statistical data on how the visitor uses the website. | When you close your browser |
| _ga_container-id | www.umana.mgnat.com | Used to persist session state. | 2 years |
Mixpanel
| Name of Cookie | Provider | Purpose | Expires |
| mp_#_mixpanel | www.umana.mgnat.com | MixPanel: Cookie used by MixPanel for analytics purposes | 1 year |
BDOW
| Name of Cookie | Provider | Purpose | Expires |
| __smToken | www.umana.mgnat.com | The __smToken is set once you login to Sumo and is checked to verify whether you are logged into Sumo or not | 1 year |
| __smSmartbarShown | www.umana.mgnat.com | cookie is set when the Smart Bars are shown on your website | 1 year |
| __smVID | www.umana.mgnat.com | Used to display relevant advertising | 1 month |
| __smSessionId | www.umana.mgnat.com | Used by Sumo to establish a cookie on a users computer to begin a session to enable Sumo products | When you close your browser |
| __smListBuilderShown | www.umana.mgnat.com | cookie is set when the List Builder is shown on your website | 1 year |
| __smScrollBoxShown | www.umana.mgnat.com | cookie is set when the Scroll box is shown on your website | 1 year |
| __smWelcomeMatShown | www.umana.mgnat.com | Cookie is set when the Welcome mat is shown on your website | 1 year |
| __smListBuilderOptOut | www.umana.mgnat.com | Is set when a visitor clicks an "Opt-Out" button on the List Builder | 1 year |
| __smSmartBarOptOut | www.umana.mgnat.com | Is set when a visitor clicks an "Opt-Out" button on Smart bars | 1 year |
| __smScrollBoxOptOut | www.umana.mgnat.com | Is set when a visitor clicks an "Opt-Out" button on Scroll box | 1 year |
| __smWelcomeMatOptOut | www.umana.mgnat.com | Is set when a visitor clicks an "Opt-Out" button on welcome mat | 1 year |
| __smSubscribed | www.umana.mgnat.com | Is set when a visitor subscribes via any of the List Builder, Welcome Mat, Scroll Box or Smart Bars they are shown on your website | 1 year |
Hotjarcl
| Name of Cookie | Provider | Purpose | Expires |
| _hjSessionUser_ | www.umana.mgnat.com | Anonymous visitor identifier cookie. | 1 year |
| _hjSession_ | www.umana.mgnat.com | Identifier for each unique browser session. | 1 hour |
Fullstory
| Name of Cookie | Provider | Purpose | Expires |
| fs_lua | www.umana.mgnat.com | Identifier for each unique browser session. | 30 minutes |
| fs_uid | www.umana.mgnat.com | Anonymous visitor identifier cookie. | 1 year |
Mouseflow
| Name of Cookie | Provider | Purpose | Expires |
| mf_ | www.umana.mgnat.com | Anonymous visitor identifier cookie. | When you close your browser |
| mf_user | www.umana.mgnat.com | Identifier for each unique browser session. | 90 days |
Fullsession
| Name of Cookie | Provider | Purpose | Expires |
| FUS_COOKIE_data | www.umana.mgnat.com | Cookie used by Fullsession for analytics purposes. | 30 minutes |
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4.7 Targeting/Marketing cookies
Targeting/Marketing cookies are used to track visitors across websites. They may be used by those companies to build a profile of your interests and show you relevant adverts on other sites. They do not store directly personal information but are based on uniquely identifying your browser and internet device. The intention is to display ads that are relevant and engaging for the individual user and thereby more valuable for publishers and third-party advertisers. If you do not allow these cookies, you will experience less targeted advertising (remove cookies not exploited in your school):
Facebook
| Name of Cookie | Provider | Purpose | Expires |
| _fbp | www.umana.mgnat.com | Identifies browsers for advertising and site analytics services | 90 days |
| fr | facebook.com | Delivers advertisement products such as real-time bidding from third-party advertisers | 90 days |
| datr | facebook.com | Identifies the web browser used to connect to Facebook; enhances security and site integrity | 2 years |
| c_user | facebook.com | Contains the user ID of the currently logged-in user | 1 year< |
| xs | facebook.com | Contains session number and secret number for security | Varies, tied to session |
| sb | facebook.com | Helps improve friend suggestions | 2 years |
| oo | facebook.com | Opt-out of Facebook showing ads based on activity on third-party websites | 5 years |
| presence | facebook.com | Contains user's chat state (e.g., which chat tabs are open) | End of session |
Hubspot
| Name of Cookie | Provider | Purpose | Expires |
| __hstc | www.umana.mgnat.com | The main cookie for tracking visitors. It contains the domain, utk (see below), initial timestamp (first visit), last timestamp (last visit), current timestamp (this visit), and session number (increments for each subsequent session). | 6 months |
| hubspotutk | www.umana.mgnat.com | This cookie is used for to keep track of a visitor's identity. This cookie is passed to HubSpot on form submission and used when de-duplicating contacts. | 6 months |
| __hssc | www.umana.mgnat.com | This cookie keeps track of sessions. This is used to determine if we should increment the session number and timestamps in the __hstc cookie. It contains the domain, viewCount (increments each pageView in a session), and session start timestamp. | 30 min |
| __hssrc | www.umana.mgnat.com | Whenever HubSpot changes the session cookie, this cookie is also set. We set it to 1 and use it to determine if the visitor has restarted their browser. If this cookie does not exist when we manage cookies, we assume it is a new session. | session |
| messagesUtk | www.umana.mgnat.com | This cookie is used to recognize visitors who chat with you via the messages tool. If the visitor leaves your site before they're added as a contact, they will have this cookie associated with their browser. If you have a history of chatting with a visitor and they return to your site later in the same cookied browser, the messages tool will load your conversation history with that visitor. | 6 months |
Refersion
| Name of Cookie | Provider | Purpose | Expires |
| ci_session | refersion.com | Preserves users states across page requests. | When you close your browser |
| refersion_csrf_code | refersion.com | Sets csrf token to prevent cross site request forgery. | When you close your browser |
| __cfduid | refersion.com | Used by the content network, Cloudflare, to identify trusted web traffic. | 1 year |
Google AdWords
| Name of Cookie | Provider | Purpose | Expires |
| ads/ga-audiences | www.umana.mgnat.com | Used by Google AdWords to re-engage visitors that are likely to convert to customers based on the visitor's online behaviour across websites. | When you close your browser |
Fomo
| Name of Cookie | Provider | Purpose | Expires |
| Fomo.hstry-count-since-first-event- | www.umana.mgnat.com | Used by Fomo for showing user notifications. | Persistent |
| Fomo.hstry-first-timestamp- | www.umana.mgnat.com | Used by Fomo for showing user notifications | Persistent |
| Fomo.snv- | www.umana.mgnat.com | Used by Fomo for showing user notifications | Persistent |
5. Consent and Control
(Keep section 5.1 and 5.2 if you are using our cookie opt-in mechanism from School Privacy settings.)
- 5.1 Before Cookies are placed on your computer or device, you will be shown a banner requesting your consent to set those Cookies. By giving your consent to the placing of Cookies you are enabling Us to provide the best possible experience and service to you. You may, if you wish, deny consent to the placing of Cookies unless those Cookies are strictly necessary; however certain features of Our Site may not function fully or as intended. You will be given the opportunity to allow and/or deny different categories of Cookie that We use.
- 5.2 In addition to the controls that We provide, you can choose to enable or disable Cookies in your internet browser. Most internet browsers also enable you to choose whether you wish to disable all Cookies or only third-party Cookies. By default, most internet browsers accept Cookies but this can be changed. For further details, please consult the help menu in your internet browser or the documentation that came with your device.
- 5.3 The links below provide instructions on how to control Cookies in all mainstream browsers:
- 5.3.1 Google Chrome
- 5.3.2 Microsoft Internet Explorer
- 5.3.3 Microsoft Edge (Please note that there are no specific instructions at this time, but Microsoft support will be able to assist)
- 5.3.4 Safari (macOS)
- 5.3.5 Safari (iOS)
- 5.3.6 Mozilla Firefox
- 5.3.7 Android (Please refer to your device’s documentation for manufacturers’ own browsers)
6. Changes to this Cookie Policy
- 6.1 We may alter this Cookie Policy at any time. Any such changes will become binding on you on your first use of Our Site after the changes have been made. You are therefore advised to check this page from time to time.
- 6.2 In the event of any conflict between the current version of this Cookie Policy and any previous version(s), the provisions current and in effect shall prevail unless it is expressly stated otherwise.
7. Further Information
- 7.1 If you would like to know more about how We use Cookies, please contact Us at contacto@mgnat.com.
- 7.2 For more information about privacy, data protection and our terms and conditions, please visit the following:
- 7.2.1 Privacy Policy
- 7.2.1 Terms & Conditions
Síguenos en Reders
Copyright © 2026
Enrique Cárdenas Sánchez

Origen y formación académica
Originario de Torreón, Coahuila, Enrique Cárdenas Sánchez estudió la licenciatura en Economía en el ITAM y posteriormente obtuvo los grados de maestría y doctorado en Economía en la Universidad de Yale, Estados Unidos. Su formación se orientó al estudio del desarrollo económico desde una perspectiva histórica, campo que se convirtió en uno de los ejes principales de su trabajo académico.
Trayectoria académica e investigación
En 1982 se incorporó a la Universidad de las Américas Puebla, donde desarrolló actividades docentes y de investigación en historia económica. Sus campos de especialización comprenden la historia económica de México, la economía mexicana contemporánea y la historia económica de América Latina. También ha impartido clases o participado como profesor invitado en instituciones como el ITAM, el Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas, El Colegio de México, la Universidad Iberoamericana y la Universidad de Oxford.Su producción académica incluye libros, artículos especializados y capítulos publicados en México y el extranjero. Entre sus obras se encuentran Cuando se originó el atraso económico de México y La política económica en México. Asimismo, ha editado cinco volúmenes de la Historia Económica de México. Estos trabajos reflejan su interés por explicar los procesos históricos que han condicionado el desempeño económico del país.
Rector de la Universidad de las Américas Puebla
Encabezó la rectoría de la UDLAP entre 1985 y 2001: inicialmente como rector interino y, a partir de 1986, como rector ratificado. Su gestión estuvo vinculada con un programa de desarrollo académico e institucional, así como con la renovación de instalaciones y laboratorios. La historia institucional de la universidad registra durante ese periodo la creación del Instituto de Estudios Avanzados y la instalación de un nuevo Consejo Universitario.
Entre las iniciativas asociadas con su rectorado se encuentran el impulso a las áreas de ciencias y humanidades, el fortalecimiento de la investigación, el sistema de colegios residenciales y los programas de ayuda financiera estudiantil. Esta etapa constituye una de sus principales aportaciones a la educación superior en Puebla.
Dirección del Centro de Estudios Espinosa Yglesias
En abril de 2005 participó en el establecimiento del Centro de Estudios Espinosa Yglesias, del que fue director ejecutivo hasta 2017. Desde esa institución promovió investigaciones y propuestas de política pública en temas como movilidad social, salud y educación, además del análisis de la rendición de cuentas y del desempeño gubernamental. Su trabajo en el CEEY representó un vínculo entre la investigación económica y la discusión de alternativas para atender problemas públicos.
Servicio público y participación ciudadana
Su experiencia profesional también incluye responsabilidades en la administración pública federal. En 2004 fue nombrado director general de Ingreso, Capacitación y Certificación de la Unidad del Servicio Profesional de Carrera de la Secretaría de la Función Pública.
Posteriormente, amplió su participación en la vida pública de Puebla mediante el análisis y cuestionamiento del uso de recursos, la contratación de obras y el endeudamiento gubernamental. En 2019 fue candidato a la gubernatura del estado, postulado por el PAN, el PRD y Movimiento Ciudadano.
También ha participado en la divulgación y el debate público como articulista y analista. Una semblanza del INEGI documenta su labor como responsable y conductor del programa televisivo En contexto, mientras que su perfil de autor en La Silla Rota lo identifica como fundador y presidente de Signos Vitales, organización civil mexicana independiente (think thank) dedicada a la investigación económica, social y política.
Reconocimientos
Su trabajo ha recibido el Premio Nacional de Economía y una distinción de la Economic History Association por su tesis doctoral. Asimismo, una semblanza institucional del INEGI de 2013 lo identifica como Investigador Nacional nivel III. Estos reconocimientos corresponden a su trayectoria en investigación y a sus aportaciones al estudio de la historia económica.
Originario de Torreón, Coahuila, Enrique Cárdenas Sánchez estudió la licenciatura en Economía en el ITAM y posteriormente obtuvo los grados de maestría y doctorado en Economía en la Universidad de Yale, Estados Unidos. Su formación se orientó al estudio del desarrollo económico desde una perspectiva histórica, campo que se convirtió en uno de los ejes principales de su trabajo académico.
Trayectoria académica e investigación
En 1982 se incorporó a la Universidad de las Américas Puebla, donde desarrolló actividades docentes y de investigación en historia económica. Sus campos de especialización comprenden la historia económica de México, la economía mexicana contemporánea y la historia económica de América Latina. También ha impartido clases o participado como profesor invitado en instituciones como el ITAM, el Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas, El Colegio de México, la Universidad Iberoamericana y la Universidad de Oxford.Su producción académica incluye libros, artículos especializados y capítulos publicados en México y el extranjero. Entre sus obras se encuentran Cuando se originó el atraso económico de México y La política económica en México. Asimismo, ha editado cinco volúmenes de la Historia Económica de México. Estos trabajos reflejan su interés por explicar los procesos históricos que han condicionado el desempeño económico del país.
Rector de la Universidad de las Américas Puebla
Encabezó la rectoría de la UDLAP entre 1985 y 2001: inicialmente como rector interino y, a partir de 1986, como rector ratificado. Su gestión estuvo vinculada con un programa de desarrollo académico e institucional, así como con la renovación de instalaciones y laboratorios. La historia institucional de la universidad registra durante ese periodo la creación del Instituto de Estudios Avanzados y la instalación de un nuevo Consejo Universitario.
Entre las iniciativas asociadas con su rectorado se encuentran el impulso a las áreas de ciencias y humanidades, el fortalecimiento de la investigación, el sistema de colegios residenciales y los programas de ayuda financiera estudiantil. Esta etapa constituye una de sus principales aportaciones a la educación superior en Puebla.
Dirección del Centro de Estudios Espinosa Yglesias
En abril de 2005 participó en el establecimiento del Centro de Estudios Espinosa Yglesias, del que fue director ejecutivo hasta 2017. Desde esa institución promovió investigaciones y propuestas de política pública en temas como movilidad social, salud y educación, además del análisis de la rendición de cuentas y del desempeño gubernamental. Su trabajo en el CEEY representó un vínculo entre la investigación económica y la discusión de alternativas para atender problemas públicos.
Servicio público y participación ciudadana
Su experiencia profesional también incluye responsabilidades en la administración pública federal. En 2004 fue nombrado director general de Ingreso, Capacitación y Certificación de la Unidad del Servicio Profesional de Carrera de la Secretaría de la Función Pública.
Posteriormente, amplió su participación en la vida pública de Puebla mediante el análisis y cuestionamiento del uso de recursos, la contratación de obras y el endeudamiento gubernamental. En 2019 fue candidato a la gubernatura del estado, postulado por el PAN, el PRD y Movimiento Ciudadano.
También ha participado en la divulgación y el debate público como articulista y analista. Una semblanza del INEGI documenta su labor como responsable y conductor del programa televisivo En contexto, mientras que su perfil de autor en La Silla Rota lo identifica como fundador y presidente de Signos Vitales, organización civil mexicana independiente (think thank) dedicada a la investigación económica, social y política.
Reconocimientos
Su trabajo ha recibido el Premio Nacional de Economía y una distinción de la Economic History Association por su tesis doctoral. Asimismo, una semblanza institucional del INEGI de 2013 lo identifica como Investigador Nacional nivel III. Estos reconocimientos corresponden a su trayectoria en investigación y a sus aportaciones al estudio de la historia económica.
